Human Physiology & Anatomy — Part 1: 40 MCQs with Explanations

The nephron is the microscopic structure that filters blood and produces urine.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption and calcium reabsorption in kidneys.

Homo sapiens is the binomial name for modern humans, given by Linnaeus.

Type AB individuals have both A and B antigens and no antibodies, so they can receive A, B, AB, or O blood.

The cerebrum is the largest part, responsible for voluntary actions, thought, and memory.

Progesterone thickens the endometrial lining to support a potential pregnancy.

Tendons are tough, flexible bands of fibrous tissue that connect muscles to bones.

The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions like heartbeat and breathing.

The pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood (from heart to lungs).

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroxine (T4) by the thyroid gland.

The 'lub' is from AV valves closing; the 'dup' is from semilunar valves closing.

The appendix is a small pouch with no known essential digestive function, considered vestigial.

Most reptiles have a three-chambered heart (two atria and one ventricle), except crocodilians.

Adrenaline (epinephrine) is released in response to stress, increasing heart rate and blood flow.

The sinoatrial (SA) node generates electrical impulses, setting the heart's rhythm.

Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and other clotting factors.

The synapse is the junction where neurotransmitters transmit signals from one neuron to the next.

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) acts with carbonic acid to maintain blood pH.

The left ventricle has thick muscular walls to pump oxygenated blood into the aorta and around the body.

Skull sutures are immovable fibrous joints, also called synarthroses.

Vitamin D acts like a hormone, regulating calcium homeostasis, and is produced in the skin.

Smooth muscle is involuntary and non-striated, found in hollow organs and vessel walls.

The tricuspid valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium.

Oxytocin and ADH are synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored/released by the posterior pituitary.

Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin and other clotting factors in the liver. Its deficiency leads to impaired blood coagulation.

The MDCAT syllabus specifically mentions viral diseases, including AIDS, which is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Insulin regulates blood glucose levels through a negative feedback loop: high blood glucose stimulates insulin release, which lowers glucose, subsequently reducing insulin secretion.

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava, a fundamental concept in the human heart structure topic.

Iodine is an essential component of thyroxine (T4) produced by the thyroid gland. Its deficiency can cause goiter.

The human body maintains a slightly alkaline blood pH strictly around 7.35-7.45, primarily using the bicarbonate buffer system.

The sliding filament model explains muscle contraction, where actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere.

Oxytocin release during childbirth intensifies uterine contractions, which in turn stimulate more oxytocin release, a classic example of positive feedback.

The hindbrain consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum. The thalamus is part of the forebrain.

The medulla oblongata controls involuntary autonomic functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing necessary substances, and forming urine.

Progesterone, secreted by the corpus luteum, thickens the endometrial lining to support a potential pregnancy.

Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin, not caused by a protozoan. It is caused by dermatophyte fungi.

The liver performs many functions, including the storage of excess glucose as glycogen, detoxification, and bile production.

Sensory (afferent) neurons transmit nerve impulses from sensory receptors (like skin, eyes) toward the central nervous system.

Cardiac muscle, found only in the heart, is involuntary in action but has a striated appearance due to its sarcomere organization.

Ear is the correct answer to “Where Type Stapes Bone Lies”. Items of this type are drawn from the Human Physiology & Anatomy — Part 1 syllabus of Pakistani competitive exams, where the fact is tested verbatim.

Human blood is a viscous fluid due to Proteins in blood .

Uretar is the correct answer to “Which tube joins kidneys and bladder”. Items of this type are drawn from the Human Physiology & Anatomy — Part 1 syllabus of Pakistani competitive exams, where the fact is tested verbatim.

Stimulus for CCK hormone is Fat, Protein .

Stress indicating hormones are All of these .

Carbon monoxide is the correct answer to “Which of the following gases readily combines with the haemoglobin of the blood”. Items of this type are drawn from the Human Physiology & Anatomy — Part 1 syllabus of Pakistani competitive exams, where the fact is tested verbatim.

Haemoglobin is dissolved in the blood of: Earthworm .

Dorsal root of spinal nerves contain only Receptor neurons .

Outer surface of bones is covered by a dense layer of connective tissue, called as Periosteum .

Joints between flat bones of skull are termed as Both A and B .

Kind of respiration through which skeletal muscles of human body gets the energy is Anaerobic respiration .

More water is reabsorbed in blood due to More anti-diuretic hormone .

Blood does not coagulate inside the body due to the presence of Heparin .

Accurate name given to blood is Fluid tissue .

Protein which acts as hormone is Oxytocin .

Human body makes about 20 million erythrocytes in One Second .

The expected number of RBCs in a single drop, or microliter, of blood is 4.0 to 5.2 million million in Women.

The expected number of RBCs in a single drop, or microliter, of blood is 4.5 to 6.2 million million in Men.

Gibberellin is the correct answer to “The hormone that helps in Parthenocarpy”. Items of this type are drawn from the Human Physiology & Anatomy — Part 1 syllabus of Pakistani competitive exams, where the fact is tested verbatim.

Disease which transferred from animal to Human is Zoonosis .

A condition in which there is a decrease of oxygen to the tissue despite adequate blood flow to the tissue is Hypoxia .

Appendix is the correct answer to “Which of the following is the less important organ in human body”. Items of this type are drawn from the Human Physiology & Anatomy — Part 1 syllabus of Pakistani competitive exams, where the fact is tested verbatim.

In human beings influenza is caused by virus .

clavicle is the correct answer to “Which bone is called beauty bone in women”. Items of this type are drawn from the Human Physiology & Anatomy — Part 1 syllabus of Pakistani competitive exams, where the fact is tested verbatim.

The normal pH of human blood is 7.4 .

In HomoSapiens (Human) the fertilization occurs in the Oviduct .

Adult human brain is about 2% % of the total body weight.

Humans can hear in the range of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz to _______Hertz (Hz)..

50% is the correct answer to “If a man having blood group AB marries a woman who is heterozygous for blood group, what is the probability of their first child having blood group B”. Items of this type are drawn from the Human Physiology & Anatomy — Part 1 syllabus of Pakistani competitive exams, where the fact is tested verbatim.

Human brain contains 100,000,000,000 neurons.

Kidney is the correct answer to “Which of the following organ is responsible for blood filtration:”. Items of this type are drawn from the Human Physiology & Anatomy — Part 1 syllabus of Pakistani competitive exams, where the fact is tested verbatim.

Mammalian kidney, under restricted water supply can conserve water by over 99.50% % reabsorption of glomerular filtrate.

Normal body temperature in mamals like human beings is 36 38°C .

Thermostat of human body is present in Hypothalamus .

Collecting tubules is the correct answer to “On which of the following site the posterior pituitary hormone acts predominantly”. Items of this type are drawn from the Human Physiology & Anatomy — Part 1 syllabus of Pakistani competitive exams, where the fact is tested verbatim.

Each human kidney receives 20% % of total cardiac out put.

Calcium oxalate is the correct answer to “Which of the following kidney stones are most common”. Items of this type are drawn from the Human Physiology & Anatomy — Part 1 syllabus of Pakistani competitive exams, where the fact is tested verbatim.

It has been estimated that in a normal person plasma constitutes about 55% by volume of blood.

Single circuit heart is found in Fishes .

They are present lateral to the oesophagus. is the correct answer to “Which of the following is true about hearts of earthworm”. Items of this type are drawn from the Human Physiology & Anatomy — Part 1 syllabus of Pakistani competitive exams, where the fact is tested verbatim.